Per cent means "out of 100", so a percentage is just a fraction with 100 underneath: 35% is 35/100, which simplifies to 7/20. Before you calculate anything, name the whole — the amount that counts as 100%. To find a percentage of that whole, write the percentage as a fraction and multiply. To go the other way and express one number as a percentage of another, put the part over the whole, simplify, and multiply by 100. The whole always goes underneath.
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